1. Core Physicochemical Parameters and Formulation

1. Composition

• Base Formula: Ethylene glycol-distilled water blend (~65:32 ratio) with 3% antioxidants (benzotriazole derivatives), corrosion inhibitors (phosphate complexes), and defoamers.

• Innovation: Uses gradient antifreeze technology to balance low-temperature fluidity (freezing point ≤-65°C) and high-temperature stability (boiling point ≥107.5°C).

2. Key Performance Metrics

   Parameter	Specification	Test Standard
   Freezing Point	≤-65°C (measured -68°C)	SH/T 0090
   Boiling Point	≥107.5°C (up to 119°C in batches)	GB/T 255
   Density (20°C)	1.065–1.085 g/cm³	SH/T 0068
   Refractive Index (n20D)	≥1.480	GB/T 614
   Distillation Rate (≤150°C)	≤40%	GB/T 255
   pH Value	7.5–11.0	SH/T 0089
   Mechanical Impurities	≤0.05%	GB/T 511
   Foam Volume at 88°C	≤50 mL (collapse time ≤5 sec)	GJB 6100-2007

• Low-Temperature Performance: Achieves -68°C, meeting Arctic and Siberian conditions (-60°C to -65°C).

• Thermal Stability: Boiling point up to 119°C with 32% distillation loss (below the 40% standard limit).

2. Standards and Certifications

1. Core Standards

• Military Compliance: Adheres to GJB 6100-2007 for rust prevention (copper corrosion ≤ Grade 1), oxidation resistance (foam control), and low-temperature fluidity (pour point ≤-65°C).

• International Benchmarking: Matches MIL-PRF-63460F (U.S. military standard) but outperforms in freezing point (-65°C vs. U.S. -40°C) and salt spray resistance (1,200 hours).

2. Environmental Concerns

• Contains ethylene glycol (poor biodegradability); requires propylene glycol or organic acid-based alternatives for eco-friendly upgrades.

3. Applications and Advantages

1. Military Use

• Missile Systems: Ensures cold starts (-65°C) and thermal management for C-300 missile launchers, replacing Russian imports.

• Avionics: Cools Su-27 radar, electro-optical seekers, and high-power chips under -60°C to +100°C thermal cycling.

• Rocket/Missile Components: Manages heat dissipation for nozzle elements to prevent thermal runaway.

2. Cold-Zone Ground Equipment

• Powers engines in polar/high-altitude military vehicles (e.g., tanks, armored vehicles), replacing -35°C coolants (freezing point -25°C).

3. Performance Highlights

• High Specific Heat Capacity: 2.612, 2.905, and 3.224 KJ/kg·K at -60°C, 0°C, and 80°C, respectively, exceeding civilian products.

• Longevity: 3-year service life (vs. 2 years for standard coolants).

4. Market Competition and Positioning

1. Domestic Competitors

   Brand/Model	Freezing Point	Boiling Point		Key Advantage
   Teli No. 65	-65°C	107.5°C		Military customization, cost-effective
   Sinopec Great Wall AF65	-65°C	118°C		Full-synthetic formula
   Tiancheng Meijia No. 65	-60°C	105°C		Civilian market focus

• Teli’s Edge: Custom specifications (No. 65/70) and flexible packaging (4 kg/20 kg drums) with 15–20% lower military procurement costs.

2. Global Competitors

• Mobil Mobilcool 352: Full-synthetic (boiling point ≥120°C) but costs 3× higher .

• Chevron Delo ELC 50/50: Silicate-free and eco-friendly but limited to -37°C.

5. Production and Supply Chain

1. Production Process

• Uses distilled ethylene glycol and deionized water (hardness ≤180 ppm) to prevent scaling.

• Ensures stability via additive suspension technology (no sedimentation during storage).

2. Supply Model

• Direct delivery from Shenyang Teli Petrochemical (20 kg drums) with reduced intermediary costs.

• Military clients: C-300 missile units, air force radar stations.

6. Technical Challenges and Future Directions

1. Current Limitations

• Low-Temperature Viscosity: Dynamic viscosity ≥3,500 mPa·s at -65°C reduces pump efficiency (requires pour point depressant optimization).

• Eco-Friendliness: Explore alternatives like propylene glycol or fluorinated fluids (e.g., FEC-50).

2. R&D Trends

• Full-Synthetic Upgrades: Polyether/fluorinated fluids (e.g., FEC-50) for -70°C to +150°C, suitable for data center immersion cooling.

• Smart Monitoring: IoT sensors for real-time analysis (pH, conductivity, contaminants).

Summary and Recommendations

Teli No. 65 Coolant, compliant with GJB 6100-2007, is a strategic product for extreme cold environments, offering:

• Global Adaptability: Arctic to high-altitude performance.

• Civil-Military Integration: Potential in energy storage thermal management (with formula adjustments).

• Supply Chain Efficiency: Direct procurement and customization.