1. Core Properties and Composition

1. Base Formula

• Primary Components: Ethylene glycol-water blend (exact ratio undisclosed), supplemented with corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, and defoamers.

• Additives: Benzotriazole derivatives form protective films, achieving 1,200 hours of salt spray resistance (compliant with military anti-corrosion standards).

2. Key Physicochemical Parameters

   Parameter	Specification	Test Standard
   Appearance	Transparent orange liquid	Visual inspection
   Density (20°C)	1.067–1.072 g/ml	GB/T 1884
   Freezing Point	≤-40°C	SH/T 0090
   Refractive Index (n20D)	≥1.390	GB/T 614
   pH Value	≤8.5	Appendix A
   Mechanical Impurities	≤0.05%	GB/T 511

• Freezing Point: Suitable for northern China and cold zones (-30°C to -40°C) but less extreme than No. 65 Coolant (-65°C).

2. Standards and Certifications

1. Core Standards

• Military Standard: Complies with GJB 6100-2007 (Military Aviation Coolant Specification), covering production, testing, and packaging.

• Testing Methods:

• Evaporation loss: SH/T 0085;

• Anti-rust: GB/T 614;

• Copper corrosion: SH/T 0088.

2. International Benchmarking

• Performance aligns with MIL-PRF-63460F (U.S. military standard) but emphasizes cold-zone adaptability (lower freezing point vs. U.S. "Break Free CLP").

3. Applications and Advantages

1. Military Use

• Missile Systems: Primary coolant for C-300 missile auxiliary vehicles and thermal management systems.

• Aircraft: Cools radar and engine components, resisting thermal shock from extreme temperature cycles.

• Radar Equipment: Maintains efficiency in -40°C environments, preventing electronic component freeze-ups.

2. Civilian Potential

• Adaptable to EV battery thermal management (with formula adjustments), though currently focused on military markets.

3. Performance Highlights

• Broad Temperature Range: Operates from -40°C to +100°C (short-term peaks), outperforming standard coolants (e.g., Great Wall FD-1, -25°C).

• Anti-Corrosion/Scale: Inhibits ethylene glycol oxidation, extending metal pipeline lifespan.

4. Production and Quality Control

1. Raw Materials and Process

• Uses distilled ethylene glycol and deionized water (Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ ≤ 180 ppm) to prevent scaling.

• Incorporates silicate stabilizers to avoid sedimentation during storage.

2. Testing Protocol

• Batch sampling (≥5%) for freezing point, pH, and impurities per GJB 6100-2006.

• Third-party validation via AVIC Materials Institute’s high/low-temperature cycle tests.

5. Market Competition and Positioning

1. Domestic Competitors

• Great Wall AF65: Lower freezing point (-65°C) but 15–20% higher cost; Teli No. 45 offers better cost-performance and customization.

• Guanyuan No. 65: Limited market share despite -65°C freezing point (Q/0311HBGY038-2021).

2. Global Competitors

• Antifrogen L (Germany): Transparent formula for labs but weaker corrosion resistance.

• Mobil Antifreeze: Superior high-temperature stability (boiling point ≥120°C) but 3–4× higher cost.

3. Market Strategy

• Customization: Adjustable specifications (e.g., No. 45/50/55) and packaging (20 kg/drum) for military needs.

• Civil-Military Integration: Exploring data center liquid cooling, pending resolution of ethylene glycol’s eco-limitations.

6. Usage and Maintenance

1. Operational Guidelines

• Refilling: Flush systems before use; avoid mixing with silicate-based coolants.

• Testing: Monitor pH and freezing point every 6 months; replace if pH <7.0.

2. Failure Prevention

• Scale Control: Dilute with deionized water (hardness ≤180 ppm).

• Leak Management: Inspect seals regularly to prevent ethylene glycol leakage.

7. Challenges and Future Development

1. Current Limitations

• Low-Temperature Viscosity: Reduced pump efficiency below -40°C; requires additive optimization.

• Eco-Friendliness: Ethylene glycol’s poor biodegradability necessitates alternatives (e.g., propylene glycol).

2. R&D Trends

• Full-Synthetic Upgrades: Polyether-based fluids for -60°C to +150°C operation.

• Smart Monitoring: IoT sensors for real-time coolant aging analysis.

Summary

Teli No. 45 Aviation Coolant is a critical material for China’s military thermal management, offering wide temperature adaptability, corrosion resistance, and customization. While it aligns with global standards, breakthroughs in ultra-low-temperature performance and eco-friendly formulations are needed. Future success hinges on civil-military R&D collaboration and synthetic advancements.